Fushun

Fushun
Chinese transcription(s)
- Simplified	抚顺
- Traditional	撫順
- Pinyin	Fǔshùn
Location of Fushun in Liaoning
Country	China
Province	Liaoning
Districts and Counties	List Shuncheng District Xinfu District Dongzhou District Wanghua District Fushun County Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County
Government
- CPC Fushun	Committee Secretary
- Mayor
Area
- Prefecture-level city	10,816 km2 (4,176.1 sq mi)
- Urban	675 km2 (260.6 sq mi)
Population
- Prefecture-level city	1,300,000
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Area code(s)	413
Website: http://www.fushun.gov.cn

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Fushun (simplified Chinese: 抚顺; traditional Chinese: 撫順; pinyin: Fǔshùn) is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km from Shenyang, with a population about 1.3 million and an area of 10,816 km², including 675 km² of the city proper. It was formerly called Fouchouen in French. The film The Lover starring Tony Leung Ka Fai described a love story between a young French woman and a young man from Fouchouen. The city was occupied by Russia until 1905 and by Japan until 1945.

Fushun is a highly industrialized area. It has developed as a thriving center for fuel, power and raw materials but is also offering more and more opportunities in textiles and electronics. It is connected by rail with nearby Shenyang and with Dalian. The world's largest artificial pit, known as the Magnificent West Pit, is located not far from the downtown. It is an open-pit coal mine, being in operation since about the 12th century. Fushun has a major aluminum-reduction plant and factories making automobiles, machinery, chemicals, cement, and rubber.

Fushun has 3 million inhabitants, including 1.4 million in the urban area.

Fushun consists of 4 districts, 1 county and 2 autonomous counties.

• Shuncheng District (simplified Chinese: 顺城区; pinyin: Shùnchéng Qū)
• Xinfu District (simplified Chinese: 新抚区; pinyin: Xīnfǔ Qū)
• Dongzhou District (simplified Chinese: 东洲区; pinyin: Dōngzhōu Qū)
• Wanghua District ((simplified Chinese: 望花区; pinyin: Wànghuā Qū)
• Fushun County (simplified Chinese: 抚顺县; pinyin: Fǔshùn Xiàn)
• Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 新宾满族自治县; pinyin: Xīnbīn Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn)
• Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 清原满族自治县; pinyin: Qīngyuán Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn)

Fushun is only 40 km away from Shenyang Taoxian airport. Railways and highways connect the city to Shenyang and Jilin Province. The seaports of Dalian and Yingkou are also located very close, 400 and 200 km away respectively, with good highway connections.

Fushun is rich in many types of resources including wood, coal, oil shale, iron, copper, magnesium, gold, marble, titanium, and marl. Hydraulic and thermal power is also an important locally available resource.

Fushun is known as "the capital of coal". The main coal and oil shale company is Fushun Mining Group, which produces about 6 million tons of coal per year, mainly blending coking coal and steam coal.^[1][2] The company has also coalbed methane resources around of 8.9 billion cubic meters.^[2] In addition, it owns geological reserve for high grade oil shale about 3.5 billion tons, of which exploitable reserve is 920 million tons.

Lei Feng, who was a soldier enshrined in new China history after 1949, died in this city. There is a memorial park named after him in Fushun's Wanghua District.

Li Xianglan, also known as Yoshiko Otaka, was a famous China-born ethnic Japanese singer and movie star from the 1930s.

Wang Nan, famous table-tennis sportswoman, who has won many gold medals in the world.

Wang Ao, Pro Football player, who currently plays football at Notre Dame University, South Bend, In USA. Projected to be a first rounder draft choice in the future.

The highest-ranked institution of higher education is the Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, ranked 123rd in China overall.

Fushun No.2 High School is one of the best High Schools in Liaoning Province.

Requirements for post-secondary schools are very high. Students are expected to pass a certain grade minimum to continue pursuing individual careers.

Fushun has developed through the utilization of the abundant natural mineral deposits found in the area and is a nationally important heavy industrial base for petroleum, chemical, metallurgy machinery and construction material industries. New sectors also becoming prominent are electronics, light industry, weaving and spinning.

In 1930, the commercial-scale production of shale oil began in Fushun with the construction of the "Refinery No. 1" operating Fushun-type retorts.^[3] After World War II, the shale oil production was ceased, but 100 Fushun-type oil shale retorts and the related shale oil processing units were restored in 1949.^[4] In 1950, total 266 retorts were in operation, each with the capacity of 100–200 tonnes shale oil per day.^[3] In 1954, the "Refinery No. 2" began its production and in 1959, the maximum annual shale oil production increased to 780,000 tonnes.^[4][3]

Since 1965, oil shale usage in Fushun started to decline.^[5] With the discovery of Da Qing oil field in 1960s, the shale oil production declined and Sinopec, an operator of shale oil production these times, shut down its oil shale operations in the beginning of 1990s.^[4] At the same time, the Fushun Oil Shale Retorting Plant was established as a part of the Fushun Mining Group. It started production in 1992. At the same year, China National Oil Shale Association was established in Fushun.^[4]

At the end of 2006, the Fushun Mining Group operated the largest shale oil plant in the world consisting seven retorting units with 20 retorts in each unit, total 140 sets of Fushun type retort.^{[5] [6]}

There are also two oil refineries. Fushun Petrochemical Company, a subsidiary of PetroChina, is building a refining and petrochemical complex in Fushun.^[7]

Fushun is a famous tourist centre in Northeast China. With high mountains and thick woods giving 40% forest coverage, the city has a developed strong tourist industry. Houshi National Forest Park, about 55km form Fushun city centre, is rated by the central government as an AAAA tourist attraction. Saer Hu Scenic Area covers some 268 square kilometres. Within this lies the 110 square kilometre, Dahuofang Reservoir, which is the largest man make lake in Northeast China.

There are a number of historic and cultural sites within the area. Fushun's recent success in applying for two World Heritage sites will surely attract more tourists. Within Fushun is the origin of Qing Dynasty, at a site known as Xing City was the first capital of the Late Jin dynasty dating to 1616. Beside the ancient city are the Yongling tomb containing several members of the royal household. Both of these are now UNESCO listed.

In more recent times, Fushun was the birth place of Lei Feng and a memorial museum telling his life story is a poplar attraction. It was also in Fushun that the last emperor, Puyi, was imprisoned after the end of the second world war. The prison building is now converted into a museum. Another memory of war, the Pingdingshan Tragedy Memorial Hall Ruins tells the story of a massacre of Chinese people by the Japanese in 1931.

It used to be home of the Chinese Super League (soccer) team of Liaoning FC at Leifeng Stadium, however the team could not afford rent at the Leifeng Stadium so it moved to Beijing, where it now plays out of Chaolai Soccer Base in the northeastern part of that city.

Also there is a superior table tennis sports woman, Wang Nan, who is among the top of the world.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fushun

• http://www.fushun.com.cn/ (in Chinese)
• http://www.fushun.net/ (in Chinese)
• http://www.lnpu.edu.cn/english/general/index.htm (A Brief Introduction to Liaoning University of Petroleum)

v • d • e Liaoning Province History • Politics • Economy Sub-provincial cities Dalian • Shenyang Prefecture-level cities Anshan • Benxi • Chaoyang • Dandong • Fushun • Fuxin • Huludao • Jinzhou • Liaoyang • Panjin • Tieling • Yingkou See also: List of Liaoning County-level divisions

Coordinates: 41°52′N 123°54′E / 41.867, 123.9